Functional appliances

Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 9: functional appliances to midcentury.

The history of the functional appliance can be traced back to 1879, when Norman Kingsley introduced the "bite-jumping" appliance. In the early 1900s, parallel development began in the United States and Europe in fixed and functional techniques, respectively, but the Atlantic Ocean was a geographic barrier that restricted the sharing of knowledge and experience in these philosophies. The only ex...

Emergencies in Orthodontics. Part 2: Management of Removable Appliances, Functional Appliances and other Adjuncts to Orthodontic Treatment.

In the second of two papers, management of orthodontic emergencies involving appliances other than Fixed appliances will be detailed. Problems relating to removable appliances, as well as other orthodontic adjuncts, will be discussed. Unfortunately, orthodontic appliance breakage does occur, despite the clinicians giving clear and concise instructions to the patients and their parents at fittin...

Orthodontic Appliances

Orthodontic Appliances

Survey on Information Appliances

n appliance is a tool or machine adapted for a special purpose. Our retail stores are full of traditional appliances that attempt to improve our lives by making an activity less unpleasant. Appliances may provide an increase in efficiency that liberates personal time, such as a washing machine or dishwasher. Or they may perform a task that users couldn't carry out to a high standard by hand alo...